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[68] The letters were given to Union generals and were not published for 20 years. [115], By the end of the day, Anderson's men had killed 22 soldiers from the train and 125 soldiers in the ensuing battle in one of the most decisive guerrilla victories of the entire war. [117][118] Sutherland saw the massacre as the last battle in the worst phase of the war in Missouri,[119] and Castel and Goodrich described the slaughter as the Civil War's "epitome of savagery". [97], On the morning of September 27, 1864, Anderson left his camp with about 75 men to scout for Union forces. [135] After Confederate forces under General Joseph O. Shelby conquered Glasgow, Anderson traveled to the city to loot. World War Memorial (here, next to this marker); World War II and Korean War Memorial (a few steps from this marker); Vietnam War Memorial (a few steps from this marker); Richmond (within shouting distance of this marker); Pvt. They may be found on the 1850 Census of Randolph County,MO. [58], A short time later, one of Anderson's men was accused of stealing from one of Quantrill's men. Soon after Anderson left Glasgow, a local woman saw him and told Cox of his presence. Carrying multiple loaded guns gave them an edge against soldiers equipped with a single-shot, muzzle-loading musket. [99][100] As the guerrillas robbed the stagecoach passengers, a train arrived. Violence Was No Stranger (1993). 1844) after his marriage in Ohio in 1864 are unclear aside from the fact that he appears to have died prior to Milton. By the time of his death in 1864 Anderson had become one of the most sought after men in Missouri and had left a trail of blood and hatred across the west and central portions of the state. After hearing their accusations against his sons, he was incensedhe found Baker's involvement particularly infuriating. His gun changed a few times, semi, handgun, revolver . Anderson led a band of volunteer partisan raiders who targeted Union loyalists and federal soldiers in the states of Missouri and Kansas. Bloody Bill Anderson. They opposed the Union army in Missouri for a variety of reasons. Date Posted: 8/12/2009 1:51:23 PM. The Andersons barricaded the door to the basement and set the store on fire, killing Baker and his brother-in-law. They drew the Union troops to the top of a hill; a group of guerrillas led by Anderson had been stationed at the bottom and other guerrillas hid nearby. Marker is at or near this postal address: 100 West Main Street, Richmond MO 64085, United States of America. Anderson's prodigious talents for bloodshed were such that, by the end of his life in 1864, he'd left a trail of destruction across three states which took just two years to blaze. They later fought under "Bloody Bill" Anderson . Anderson and his men dressed as Union soldiers, wearing uniforms taken from those they killed. Biographer Larry Wood wrote that Anderson's motivation shifted after the death of his sister, arguing that killing then became his focus, and an enjoyable act. Answer: He mistook the cashier for Samuel P Cox, the killer of 'Bloody Bill' Anderson. As a general rule, bushwhackers would attack quickly and withdraw if. James Jay Carafano. Concluding that eliminating the bushw[h]acker's support network would help end guerilla fighting, Brig. He was buried in a nearby fieldafter a soldier cut off one of his fingers to steal a ring. It is in Richmond in Ray County Missouri, "The war brought on hate and strife and killing around here. Casey, you have me at a slight disadvantage at the moment in that I have to rely on my memory from what I have read. Death 27 Oct 1864 (aged 24-25) Albany, Ray County, Missouri, USA. Bloody Bill Anderson was a character played by John Russell in the 1976 film 'The Outlaw Josey Wales' directed by Clint Eastwood. [12] In late 1861, Anderson traveled south with Jim and Judge Baker in an apparent attempt to join the Confederate Army. En route, they entered Baxter Springs, Kansas, the site of Fort Blair. Cole Younger, 1913, The Federal command in St. Louis, Mo. Cox stated that he went out & took one of Anderson's pistols along with money & a gold watch. Unexpectedly, his men were able to capture a passenger train, the first time Confederate guerrillas had done so. [154] Most Confederate guerrillas had lost heart by then, owing to a cold winter and the simultaneous failure of General Price's 1864 invasion of Missouri, which ensured the state would remain securely under Union control for the rest of the war. [126] The Union soldier held captive at Centralia was impressed with the control Anderson exercised over his men. They chased the men who had attacked them, killing one and mutilating his body. ; and Confederate Memorial State Historic Site in Higginsville, Mo. Longley's Bloody Bill Anderson Mystery Group on July 13, 2009: " Francis M Richardson was a carpenter as shown in the 1860 Grayson County Texas Census. [161] James Carlos Blake's novel Wildwood Boys (2000) is a fictional biography of Anderson. [72] Anderson's men robbed the town's depository, gaining about $40,000 (equivalent to $693,000 in 2021) in the robbery, although Anderson returned some money to the friend he had met at the hotel. In September 1864, Anderson led a raid on the town of Centralia, Missouri. These acts were interpreted as tyranny and compelled many Missouri men to become bushwhackers. William "Bloody Bill" Anderson . After hearing of the engagement, General Fisk commanded a colonel to lead a party with the sole aim of killing Anderson. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. [16] In May 1862, Judge Baker issued an arrest warrant for Griffith, whom Anderson helped hide. 3916.725N, 9358.603W. Marker is in Richmond, Missouri, in Ray County. 6 guns of ouTlaWs Residue of WaRThe RaideRs 7 17 reviews The first-ever biography of the perpetrator of the Centralia and Baxter Springs Massacres, as well as innumerable atrocities during the Civil War in the West. [153], Archie Clement led the guerrillas after Anderson's death, but the group splintered by mid-November. On Oct. 27, 1864, about 300 men of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, led by Union Lt. Col. Samuel P. Cox, ambushed Anderson and his guerrilla force in Ray County's Albany, Mo. Anderson led a band that targeted Union loyalists and Federal soldiers in Missouri and Kansas. On July 17, 1862, Confederate Gen. Thomas Hindman issued the Missouri Partisan Ranger Act. [54] During the winter, Anderson married Bush Smith, a woman from Sherman, Texas. Handsome, rugged American leading man John Russell (whose credits are often confused with those of child actor Johnny Russell) attended the University of California, where he was a student athlete. This action angered his men, who saw themselves as the protectors of women, but Anderson dismissed their concerns, saying such things were inevitable. On August 10, while traveling through Clay County, Anderson and his men engaged 25 militia members, killing five of them and forcing the rest to flee. [91], Anderson met Todd and Quantrill on September 24, 1864; although they had clashed in the past, they agreed to work together again. Their duty will be to cut off Federal pickets, scouts, foraging parties and trains and to kill pilots and others on gunboats and transports, attacking them day and night and using the greatest vigor in their movements. Depending on which side you asked, these bushwhackers were either heroes or criminals. [128] On October 6, Anderson and his men began travelling to meet General Price in Boonville, Missouri;[124][129] they arrived and met the general on October 11. The act sanctioned guerrilla activities against the Union army while attempting to gain some measure of control over the guerrillas. Guerrilla Tactics Gen. Thomas C. Hindman was the head of the Confederate Army's Trans Mississippi Department in Little Rock, Ark. Usually a wife, sister, mother or sweetheart used ribbons, shells and needlework to create the ellaborately [sic] decorated shirts. A State Divided: The Civil War in Missouri. One one hand, they were useful, serving to tie down Union forces. Smaller bands avoided fights with larger detachments of Union soldiers, preferring to ambush stragglers or loot Union supporters and their property. On Oct. 27, 1864, about 300 men of the Enrolled Missouri Militia, led by Union Lt. Col. Samuel P. Cox, ambushed Anderson and his guerrilla force in Ray County's Albany, Mo. The guerrillas gathered at the Blackwater River in Johnson County, Missouri. He retained 84 men and reunited with Anderson. On the western Missouri border, especially, much of the hardships experienced by these families could be traced to the violence of the 1850s Kansas Missouri Border War. William Anderson was initially given a chilly reception from other raiders, who perceived him to be brash and overconfident. [94], On September 26, Anderson and his men reached Monroe County, Missouri,[95] and traveled towards Paris, but learned of other nearby guerrillas and rendezvoused with them near Audrain County. It was Anderson's greatest victory, surpassing Lawrence and Baxter Springs in brutality and the number of casualties. The defeat resulted in the deaths of five guerrillas but only two Union soldiers, further maddening Anderson. As Quantrill and Todd became less active, "Bloody Bill" Anderson emerged as the best-known, and most feared, Confederate guerrilla in Missouri. [117] However, Frank James, who participated in the attack, later defended the guerrillas' actions, arguing that the federal troops were marching under a black flag, indicating that they intended to show no mercy. [124] Anderson watched the fire from nearby bluffs. William T. Anderson (1840 - Oct. 26, 1864) known as "Bloody Bill" Anderson was one of the deadliest and most brutal pro-Confederate guerrilla leaders in the American Civil War. The U.S. Government provided a veteran's tombstone for Anderson's grave in 1967. . As armies march across America from 1861 to 1865, other combatants shot soldiers from ambush and terrorized civilians of opposing loyalties in a fierce guerrilla war. [111] Anderson then led a charge up the hill. [74] By August, the St. Joseph Herald, a Missouri newspaper, was describing him as "the Devil". Anderson was hit by a bullet behind an ear, likely killing him instantly. [102] This was the first capture of a Union passenger train in the war. [159] Three biographies of Anderson were written after 1975. Baker, a local judge who was a Confederate sympathizer. Concluding that eliminating the bushw[h]acker's support network would. A stagecoach soon arrived, and Anderson's men robbed the passengers, including Congressman James S. Rollins and a plainclothes sheriff. Local citizens demanded possession of the corpse. After Frank and Jesse James joined the Anderson band, they robbed a train of $3,000 and executed 25 Union soldiers on board. [163], Historians have been mixed in their appraisal of Anderson. Fueling this conflict was a dispute over whether Kansas should be a slave-holding state or not. Bloody Bill's Guns Bill Langley had used a number of different guns during his career as a killer. He was, however, impressed by the effectiveness of Anderson's attacks. General Orders No. All such organizations will be reported to their headquarters as soon as practicable. The two were prominent Unionists and hid their identities from the guerrillas. The most infamous order came in response to a brutal guerilla attack on Lawrence, Kan. [7][b] Animosity and violence between the two sides quickly developed in what was called Bleeding Kansas, but there was little unrest in the Council Grove area. Bushwhackers and Jayhawkers. Anderson was known for his brutality towards Union soldiers, and pro Union partisans, who were called Jayhawkers. Actor: Rio Bravo. The Fate of the Bushwhackers , Confederate leaders were unsure about guerrillas. Captains will be held responsible for the good conduct and efficiency of their men and will report to these headquarters from time to time. Richeson, Richerson, Richardson originally from Taylor County, Kentucky. [49], Four days after the Lawrence Massacre, on August 25, 1863, General Ewing retaliated against the Confederate guerrillas by issuing General Order No. The attacks prompted the Kansas City Daily Journal of Commerce to declare that rebels had taken over the area. The cashier pulled a gun on him and James killed him in self-defence. [127] Although many of them wished to execute this Union hostage, Anderson refused to allow it. Fucking legend. Bloody Bill Anderson Also included in the list was Cole Younger, whose father was killed by the Kansans, and his mother made homeless after watching their house burn to the ground. Anderson was fatally shot twice in the back of the head. Gen. Thomas C. Hindman was the head of the Confederate Army's Trans Mississippi Department in Little Rock, Ark. [113] One Union officer reached Centralia and gave word of the ambush, allowing a few Union soldiers who had remained there to escape. Below is one of the articles written by Brownwood Banner - Bulletin staff writer Henry C. Fuller after Interviewing William C. "Bloody Bill" Anderson of Quantrill's Guerrillas of the Civil War at his home at Salt Creek, Brown County, Texas in 1924. You certainly wouldn't do that aboard a horse. After a former friend and secessionist turned Union loyalist judge killed his father, Anderson killed the judge and fled to Missouri. After camping near New Hope Church in Fort Henry about. [62][g] Quantrill was taken into custody but soon escaped. The guerrillas were only able to shoot the Union horses before reinforcements arrived; three of Anderson's men were killed in the confrontation. He commanded 3040 men, one of whom was Archie Clement, an 18-year-old with a predilection for torture and mutilation who was loyal only to Anderson. Serving in the US Marine Corps in WW II, he earned a battlefield commission and decorations for valor at Guadalcanal. Anderson suggested that they attack Fayette, Missouri, targeting the 9th Missouri Cavalry, which was based at the town. After selecting a sergeant for a potential prisoner swap, Anderson's men shot the rest. One way he sought to prove that loyalty was by severing his ties with Anderson's sister Mary, his former lover. His family had been living in Council Grove, Territory of Kansas at the . These companies will be governed in all respects by the same regulations as other troops. Operating against Unionists in the midst of the guerrilla war in Missouri and Kansas, he was a leading figure in the infamous Lawrence Massacre and the Centralia Massacre, gaining the nickname "Bloody Bill" for the perceived savagery of his exploits. Others, like William Anderson, had already entered a dark abyss from which there was no return and no escape except death. Bushwhacker activities in Missouri increased as a response to Federal occupation and increasingly brutal attacks and raids by Kansas soldiers, or jayhawkers. [110] By mid-afternoon, the 39th Missouri Volunteer Infantry had arrived in Centralia. His dark good looks brought him to the attention . Please note that we are about 6-7 months in backorder and the wait is worth it. Marshal, but spoke amicably with an acquaintance he found there. . John Wallace (within shouting distance of this marker); Colonel Alexander W. Doniphan (within shouting distance of this marker); Ray County Bicentennial Memorial (about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); 1856 Courthouse Cornice Planter (about 300 feet away). ; Battle of Albany Civil War Marker near Orrick, Mo. The Myth that Bloody Bill Anderson had survived the war and was living in Brownwood Texas originated in 1924, after a young Brownwood reporter named Henry Clay Fuller spent several hours talking . In early 1863 he joined Quantrill's Raiders, a group of Confederate guerrillas which operated along the KansasMissouri border. declared martial law in August 1861, giving Union forces broad powers to suppress those who resisted Union control. [55] Anderson ignored Quantrill's request to wait until after the war and a dispute erupted, which resulted in Anderson separating his men from Quantrill's band. Reid draws a parallel between the bashi-bazouks of the Ottoman Army and Anderson's guerrillas, arguing that they behaved similarly.[168]. [47] The raiding party was pursued by Union forces but eventually managed to break contact with the soldiers and scatter into the Missouri woods. [167] He maintains that Anderson's acts were seen as particularly shocking in part because his cruelty was directed towards white Americans of equivalent social standing, rather than targets deemed acceptable by American society, such as Native Americans or foreigners. [151] In 1908, Cole Younger, a former guerrilla who served under Quantrill, reburied Anderson's body in the Old Pioneer Cemetery in Richmond, Missouri. One of the leading authorities on the Civil War in the western theater, Albert Edward Castel earned his B.A. [21] Anderson and his gang subsequently traveled east of Jackson County, Missouri, avoiding territory where Quantrill operated and continuing to support themselves by robbery. It is said that "Bloody Bill" Anderson carried six to eight revolvers with him at any point. [25] Quantrill was at the time the most prominent guerrilla leader in the KansasMissouri area. Burial. Banjo Heritage https://patreon.com/CliftonHicksI learned the words to "Bloody Bill Anderson" from a recording of Alvin Youngblood Hart. [96] Although a large group of guerrillas was assembled, their leaders felt there were no promising targets to attack because all of the large towns nearby were heavily guarded. It could be interpreted that the bugler picked up a total of 6 pistols that belonged, possibly to the other men that fell with Anderson. William T. Anderson (1840 - October 26, 1864), better known as Bloody Bill, was one of the deadliest and most brutal pro- Confederate guerrilla leaders in the American Civil War. That being said,if you multiply 700 troops times 6 revolvers each, that comes to 4200 pistols. and M.A. In one of the passenger cars they found 23 unarmed Union soldiers on furlough and headed home on leave. They often used unorthodox tactics to fight Union troops, such as using a small party of horsemen to lure them into an ambush. On June 12, 1864, Anderson and 50 of his men engaged 15 members of the Missouri State Militia, killing and robbing 12. "Bloody Bill" redirects here. They also burnt Baker's home and stole two of his horses before returning to Missouri on the Santa Fe Trail. [71] Anderson killed one hotel guest whom he suspected was a U.S. [101] Anderson's men quickly took control of the train, which included 23 off-duty, unarmed Union soldiers as passengers. . Then I noticed Bloody Bill Anderson and he has a very small existence in Josey Wales. He then ordered and conducted the massacre soldiers. [13], Upon his return to Kansas, Anderson continued horse trafficking, but ranchers in the area soon became aware of his operations. Around the same time, William T. Anderson fatally shot a member of the Kaw tribe outside Council Grove; he claimed that the man had tried to rob him. [139][140] Anderson killed several other Union loyalists and some of his men returned to the wealthy resident's house to rape more of his female servants. [52] Not satisfied with the number killed, Anderson and Todd wished to attack the fort again, but Quantrill considered another attack too risky.